Legal Protection Against the Circulation of Dangerous Cosmetics Through Cyber Markets in Gorontalo
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The circulation of toxic cosmetics in transnational marketplaces threatens public health law sovereignty within Gorontalo. This research analyzes supervisory effectiveness based on Law Number 17 of 2023 and formulates enforcement strategies integrating Maqashid asy-Syari'ah. Through empirical socio-legal methods, data collection was executed using cyber document tracking alongside interviews with local administrative authorities, subsequently analyzed deductively. The findings demonstrate that post-market instruments experience structural paralysis due to algorithmic exploitation legitimized by the safe harbor doctrine. This electronic regulatory disparity diametrically defeats the protection of life and universal welfare. As a conclusion, this article recommends an absolute transformation from intermediary immunity toward corporate criminal liability. The state is obligated to overhaul digital architecture by compelling commercial platforms to integrate automated pre-market content filtering mechanisms, which manifest the preventive principle of Sadd adz-Dzari'ah. Such preventive algorithmic standardization constitutes an imperative prerequisite to restoring consumer rights, safeguarding health, and achieving sustainable development targets globally.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Alnuqaydan, Abdullah M. “The Dark Side of Beauty: An in-Depth Analysis of the Health Hazards and Toxicological Impact of Synthetic Cosmetics and Personal Care Products.” Frontiers in Public Health 12 (August 26, 2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1439027.
Alunis, Kalyca Shafhah Suci. “Etiket Biru Dan Sertifikasi Halal: Strategi Keberlanjutan Bisnis Kosmetik Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 82–95. https://doi.org/10.33592/jeb.v30i2.6282.
Amara, Annisa Nurul. “BPJS Kesehatan: Peserta JKN 282,7 Juta Jiwa, Beban Pelayanan Kesehatan Capai Rp191,3 Triliun.” Finansial Bisnis, 2026. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20260702/215/1985060/bpjs-kesehatan-peserta-jkn-2827-juta-jiwa-beban-pelayanan-kesehatan-capai-rp1913-triliun.
Ameliani, Putri, Hardian Iskandar, and Dodi Jaya Wardana. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Terhadap Produk Kosmetik Yang Tidak Terdaftar BPOM.” AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 653–60. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v4i2.2062.
Aresil, Alfian, Rajab Lestaluhu, and Sokhib Naim. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pembeli Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Ilegal Di Pasaran.” Judge : Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 02 (August 20, 2024): 141–51. https://journal.cattleyadf.org/index.php/Judge/article/view/673.
Arlinta, Deonisia. “BPOM Temukan Jutaan Produk Kosmetik Impor Ilegal Senilai Rp 27,6 Miliar.” Kompas2, 2026. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/bpom-temukan-lebih-dari-2-juta-produk-kosmetik-impor-ilegal-senilai-rp276-miliar.
Asy-Syatibi, Abu Ishaq. Al-Muwafaqat. Juz 4. Kairo: Dar Ibn ’Affan, 1997.
Azayaka, Atha Raihan, and Eko Wahyudi. “Perlindungan Hukum Kepada Konsumen Terhadap Produk Skincare Tanpa Izin Edar Yang Dijual Secara Online.” Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2023): 147–59. https://doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v2i2.1622.
BPOM Gorontalo. “BBPOM Gorontalo Gelar Konferensi Pers Hasil Pengawasan Dan Operasi Penindakan Kosmetik Ilegal Di Gorontalo Tahun 2026.” BPOM Gorontalo, 2026. https://gorontalo.pom.go.id/berita/bbpom-gorontalo-gelar-konferensi-pers-hasil-pengawasan-dan-operasi-penindakan-kosmetik-ilegal-di-gorontalo-tahun-2026.
Cantiqa, Shevanna Putri, Tabitha Fransisca Romauli Nababan, Ighna Ikrimah, and Alya Sofiatuzzahra. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Terhadap Peredaran Bebas Kosmetik Beretiket Biru.” Esensi Hukum 6, no. 1 (February 18, 2025): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.35586/esensihukum.v6i1.376.
CIRS Group. “EU Amends Cosmetics Regulation: 21 CMR Substances Added to the List of Prohibited Substances.” CIRS Group, 2025. https://www.cirs-group.com/en/cosmetics/eu-amends-cosmetics-regulation-21-cmr-substances-added-to-the-list-of-prohibited-substances.
Djazuli, Ahmad. Kaidah-Kaidah Fikih Islam: Kaidah-Kaidah Hukum Islam Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah-Masalah Praktis. Jakarta: Kencana, 2007.
Fajri, Pujangga Candrawijayaning. “Pendekatan Maqashid Al-Syari’ah Sebagai Pisau Analisis Dalam Penelitian Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Penelitian Agama 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 247–62. https://doi.org/10.24090/jpa.v23i2.2022.pp247-262.
Guida, Alessandra. “The Reasoning Structure in Legal Disputes on the International Trade of Biotechnology: From a Judicial Balance by Chance to a Judicial Balance by Design.” European Journal of Risk Regulation 12, no. 3 (September 4, 2021): 602–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2021.16.
Hadjon, Philipus M. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Di Indonesia: Sebuah Studi Tentang Prinsip-Prinsipnya, Penanganannya Oleh Pengadilan Dalam Lingkungan Peradilan Umum Dan Pembentukan Peradilan Administrasi Negara. Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, 1987.
Kawakib, Johnson, and Hafdz Syuhud. “Implementation of the Concept of Sadd Al-Dzari’ah in Islamic Law (Perspective of Ibn Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyah and IbnHazm).” International Journal of Philosophy 9, no. 4 (2021): 193. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20210904.13.
Latif, Rahmatiya, Weny Almoravid Dungga, and Sri Nanang M. Kamba. “Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Ilegal Di Pasar Tradisional Desa Moluo Gorontalo Utara.” Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Politik Dan Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 4 (October 28, 2025): 77–90. https://doi.org/10.62383/amandemen.v2i4.1303.
Najla, Khansa Musyaffa, Kurnia Hardi, Zahra Azizah Hidayat, Siti Nurlena Oktaviani, and Indah Purnama. “Impulse Buying Behavior Of Skincare Products On The Marketplace In Gen Z.” In International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management (ISC-BEAM), 3:1910–24, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21009/ISC-BEAM.013.143.
Noor, Afif. “Socio-Legal Research: Integration of Normative and Empirical Juridical Research in Legal Research.” Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum 7, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 94. https://doi.org/10.56444/jidh.v7i2.3154.
Oktovi, Rama, and Syafruddin Syam. “Consumer Protection Against the Free Circulation of Blue Label Skincare in the Marketplace: A Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah Perspective.” Journal Analytica Islamica 14, no. 2 (2025): 926–38. https://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/analytica/article/view/25613.
Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 23 Tahun 2019 tentang Persyaratan Teknis Bahan Kosmetika (2019).
Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tentang Persyaratan Teknis Klaim Kosmetika (2022).
Peraturan BPOM Nomor 31 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan BPOM Nomor 25 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Cara Pembuatan Kosmetik yang Baik (CPKB) (2020).
Putra, Rio. “Determinasi Kepuasan Pelanggan Dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Terhadap Kualitas Produk, Citra Merek Dan Persepsi Harga (Literature Review Manajemen Pemasaran).” Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi 2, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 516–24. https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v2i4.461.
Safitri, Rahmah, Tri Hidayati, and Rabiatul Adawiyah. “Pemahaman Mahasiswi Terhadap Penggunaan Kosmetik Illegal Ditinjau Dengan Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah.” Al Iqtishadiyah Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 126. https://doi.org/10.31602/iqt.v8i2.7474.
Sakti, Muthia, and Dinda Dinanti. “Consumer Protection of Unauthorized Cosmetic Distribution in Indonesia’s E-Commerce.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v11i1.a15189.
Saurwein, Florian, and Charlotte Spencer-Smith. “Automated Trouble: The Role of Algorithmic Selection in Harms on Social Media Platforms.” Media and Communication 9, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 222–33. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i4.4062.
Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 5 Tahun 2016 tentang Batasan dan Tanggung Jawab Penyedia Platform dan Pedagang (Merchant) Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (Electronic Commerce) yang Berbentuk User Generated Content (2016).
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2023 Nomor 105, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6887 (2023).
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 295, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5604 (2014).
United Nations. “Goal 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-Being for All at All Ages.” United Nations, 2025. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/.
UNODC. “Organised Crime Syndicates Are Targeting Southeast Asia to Expand Operations: UNODC.” United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2019. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2019/July/organised-crime-syndicates-are-targeting-southeast-asia-to-expand-operations_-unodc.html.
WHO. “Mercury in Skin Lightening Products.” World Health Organization, 2019. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-EPE-19.13.
Yeung, Karen. “Algorithmic Regulation: A Critical Interrogation.” Regulation & Governance 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 505–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12158.
Yuanitasari, Deviana, Hazar Kusmayanti, and Agus Suwandono. “A Comparison Study of Strict Liability Principles Implementation for the Product Liability within Indonesian Consumer Protection Law between Indonesia and United States of America Law.” Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2246748.