Nusantara: Journal of Law and Islamic Law is an open access, peer‑reviewed journal. All content published in this journal is freely and permanently available online to the public, without subscription or access fees. Readers are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author(s), in accordance with the principles of open access to scholarly literature.