Legal Protection for Borrowers in Default on Online Loan Agreements
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study critically examines the complex intersection of debtor default, personal data protection, and algorithmic governance within P2P lending platforms operating in Indonesia. Classical contract law under the Civil Code consistently fails to accommodate the structural asymmetries of digital agreements, wherein personal data is illegally weaponized as a de facto guarantee during default debt collection. Employing a normative legal methodology with both statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper systematically deconstructs the persistent illusion of preventive and repressive consumer protection mechanisms. The findings reveal that digital consent is systematically manufactured through predatory dark patterns, while existing dispute resolution frameworks remain slow against real time, irreversible social character assassination. Consequently, this study introduces the novel paradigm of integrated strict liability. This prescriptive model dictates that any algorithmic privacy violation by fintech platforms automatically forfeits their civil debt recovery rights, rendering the underlying electronic loan agreement null and void to definitively restore equity.
Downloads
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Fajar, Mukti. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013.
Febrian, Febrian, Indrawan Yoswanda Saputra, and Diana R.W. Napitupulu. “Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Transaksi Fintech.” Rechtsnormen Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Informasi Hukum 4, no. 1 (August 27, 2025): 21–30. https://doi.org/10.56211/rechtsnormen.v4i1.1153.
Fuad, Fuad, Rio Rama Baskara, and Anas Urbaningrum. “Desain Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Dan Data Pribadi Untuk Kegiatan Usaha Menggunakan Fintech Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Rectum 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2025): 176–87. https://jurnal.universitasdarmaagung.ac.id/jurnalrectum/article/view/5360.
Hadrian, Endang, and Truly Wangsalegawa. “Kekuatan Hukum Perjanjian Elektronik Dalam Transaksi Hutang Piutang Di Indonesia: Tantangan Dan Solusi Menghadapi Fenomena Gagal Bayar.” Jurnal Siber Multi Disiplin 3, no. 2 (August 3, 2025): 78–85. https://doi.org/10.38035/jsmd.v3i2.528.
Hayati, Adis Nur. “The Issue of Dark Patterns in Digital Platforms: The Challenge for Indonesia’s Consumer Protection Law.” Asian Journal of Law and Society 11, no. 4 (December 7, 2024): 453–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2024.24.
Karima, Shifa, Dewi Iryani, and Hartana Hartana. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Debitur Yang Beritikad Baik Dalam Wanprestasi Gagal Bayar Pinjaman Uang Berbasis Teknologi.” Syntax Idea 6, no. 11 (November 29, 2024): 6686–92. https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v6i11.11171.
Mahmudi, Diana Ali, and Rita Alfiana. “Kebebasan Berkontrak Dalam Perjanjian Pinjaman Online Dan Implikasinya.” Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan 4, no. 3 (January 3, 2026): 16236–42. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.4597.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2013.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. “Siaran Pers: Satgas PASTI Perkuat Sinergi Pemberantasan Aktivitas Keuangan Ilegal.” Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. 2023. https://www.ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Documents/Pages/Satgas-Pasti-Perkuat-Koordinasi-Pemberantasan-Aktivitas-Keuangan-Ilegal/SP Satgas Pasti Perkuat Koordinasi Pemberantasan Aktivitas Keuangan Ilegal.pdf.
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 10/POJK.05/2022 tentang Layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2022 Nomor 145 (2022).
Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 61/POJK.07/2020 tentang Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2020 Nomor 286 (2020).
Prihartanto, Yudi, Firdaus Arifin, Ihsanul Maarif, and Abdul Hamid Kwarteng. “From Legal Formalism to Algorithmic Justice: Rethinking Consumer Protection in the Digital Economy.” Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum 14, no. 1 (June 29, 2025): 65–88. https://doi.org/10.14421/gqmmwr98.
Rahmiati, Rahmiati, Fikry Latukau, Rahmalia Malik, Abdillah Rahman, Andreana Andreana, Muhammad Haris Nuragung, Amin Cempokowulan, and Deddi Fasmadhy Satiadharmanto. “Pinjaman Online Yang Bertanggung Jawab: Peran Kreditur Dalam Mengurangi Risiko Wanprestasi Dan Melindungi Debitur.” Jurnal Abdimas Indonesia 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2025): 358–68. https://www.dmi-journals.org/jai/article/view/1384.
Sharma, Vivek, and Bhanu Priya. “Bridging the Gap: AI-Powered FinTech and Its Impact on Financial Inclusion and Financial Well-Being.” Discover Artificial Intelligence 5, no. 1 (October 28, 2025): 290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00465-9.
Subekti, Raden, and Raden Tjitrosudibio. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. 41st ed. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2014.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2022 Nomor 196, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6820 (2022).
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2023 Nomor 4, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 684 (2023).
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 42, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3821 (1999).
Yambo, Dhaly Grendy, Lauddin Marsyuni, and Aan Aswari. “Kekuatan Hukum Perjanjian Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi.” Legal Dialogica 1, no. 1 (2025): 1–13. https://jurnal.fh.umi.ac.id/index.php/legal/article/view/1570.