Judicial Reasoning on Force Majeure in Banking Credit Agreements Following Natural Disasters
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Conflicting judicial interpretations create severe legal uncertainty regarding whether credit payment failures following natural disasters constitute relative force majeure or contractual defaults. This normative legal research compared the Gorontalo Religious High Court Decision and the Palu Religious Court Decision to establish consistent judicial assessment parameters. The Gorontalo ruling explicitly recognizes relative overmacht and restricts collateral execution to prioritize debt restructuring. Conversely, the Palu judgment definitively rejects force majeure because the collateral remains functional and the debtor demonstrates insufficient good faith. This study argues that natural disasters do not automatically nullify banking credit obligations. Instead, courts must systematically evaluate the explicit causal nexus, the physical state of collateral, the temporary nature of financial impediments, and verifiable good faith from debtors. Establishing these exact judicial indicators ensures proportional creditor protection, actively mitigates moral hazard, and provides a highly prescriptive legal framework for ensuing contractual certainty within the modern global civil law jurisprudence.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Abdul, Fitrah Frizkila, Sri Maryati, and Syahrizal Koem. “ANALISIS PERSEPSI DAN STRATEGI ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA BANJIR DI KOTA GORONTALO.” GEOGRAPHY Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan 12, no. 1 (2024): 493. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31764/geography.v12i1.17652.
Dharmawan, Ariel Doni, and Maryanto Maryanto. “Kekuatan Hukum Sertifikat Hak Tanggungan Dalam Hal Musnahnya Obyek Hak Tanggungan Karena Bencana Alam Di Kabupaten Grobogan.” Jurnal Akta 5, no. 1 (2018): 167. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v5i1.2545.
Habibillah, Kafi, Kristina Sulatri, and Istijab Istijab. “TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PASAL 7 AYAT (1) POJK No. 45/POJK.03/2017 TENTANG PERLAKUAN KHUSUS TERHADAP KREDIT ATAU PEMBIAYAAN BANK BAGI DAERAH TERTENTU DI INDONESIA YANG TERKENA BENCANA ALAM.” Yurijaya Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 7, no. 3 (2026): 440–53. https://doi.org/10.51213/yurijaya.v7i3.232.
Hidayat, Alfi, Sukanda Husin, and Ulfanora Ulfanora. “Legal Protection for the Creditor as the Mortgage Holder for Granting Loan Using Collateral Land and Building Against Bad-Loan Debtor.” International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 3 (2019): 766. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.902.
Mujib, Muhammad Fathul, Noor Fatmawati, and Dany Miftah M Nur. “Mitigasi Bencana Banjir Di Karanganyar Demak: Kajian Sosial Dan Edukatif Dalam Pendidikan IPS.” INFOMATEK 27, no. 2 (2025): 203–14. https://doi.org/10.23969/infomatek.v27i2.26046.
Pengadilan Agama Palu. “Putusan Nomor 97/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Pal,” 2020.
Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Gorontalo. “Putusan Nomor 9/Pdt.G/2019/PTA.Gtlo,” 2019.
Perbawa, Ketut Sukawati Lanang Putra. “Has Financial Policy Intervention Benefited Local Society Affected by Natural Disaster?: Questioning the Utilitarian Approach.” Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 3, no. 2 (2019): 204. https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2019.v03.i02.p05.
Permatasari, Pita. “KLAUSUL FORCE MAJEURE AKIBAT COVID-19 DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT BANK.” IBLAM LAW REVIEW 1, no. 1 (2021): 18–38. https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v1i1.4.
Pratitis, Sugih Ayu. “Upaya Hukum Pihak Ketiga Untuk Melakukan Perlawanan Terhadap Sita Jaminan.” Jurnal Hukum Kaidah Media Komunikasi Dan Informasi Hukum Dan Masyarakat 18, no. 2 (2019): 115–29. https://doi.org/10.30743/jhk.v18i2.1169.
Rahman, Abdul, Taufan Fajar Riyanto, and Siti Rodhiyah Dwi Istinah. “Juridical Review of Force Majeure Clause in Credit Bank Agreements When Covid-19 Disaster.” Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 4, no. 1 (2022): 89. https://doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.4.1.89-100.
Rizka, Rizka, M Junaidi, Sudaryono Sudaryono, and Masithoh Masithoh. “PANDANGAN ISLAM TERHADAP FORCE MAJEUR DALAM RELAKSASI KREDIT DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19.” Profetika Jurnal Studi Islam 23, no. 1 (2021): 127–40. https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v23i1.16800.
Santiago, Faisal. “Credit Relaxation Policy During Covid-19 Reviewed from the Force Majeure Aspect.” In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2021, March 6th 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2306389.
Sugiarto, Agus, Ni Nyoman Puspani, and Mustika Septiyas Trisilia. “The Shocks of Climate Change on Bank Loans.” International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 5 (2023): 493–514. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14773.
Sulistianingsih, Dewi, Christian Chandra Wijaya, Rahmawati Mohd Yusoff, and Yuli Prasetyo Adhi. “Juridical Consequences of Anticipatory Breach as a Form of Breach of a Contract.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 9, no. 1 (2024): 131–54. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.vol9i1.4537.
Utami, Putu Devi Yustisia, I Made Pasek Diantha, and I Made Sarjana. “KEDUDUKAN HUKUM GROSSE AKTA PENGAKUAN HUTANG NOTARIIL DALAM PEMBERIAN KREDIT PERBANKAN.” Acta Comitas 3, no. 1 (2018): 201. https://doi.org/10.24843/ac.2018.v03.i01.p15.