Social Dynamics and Public Reactions to School Bullying: Evaluating Educational Policy Interventions
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research evaluates social dynamics and public reactions to Indonesian school bullying during the implementation of Permendikbudristek Number 46 of 2023. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review and qualitative content analysis, this study synthesizes Scopus data and national reports from 2020 to 2025. Findings show a surge in cases from 91 in 2020 to 573 in 2024, reflecting increased awareness alongside institutional failure. Although PPKSP regulations are theoretically comprehensive, effectiveness is hindered by insufficient teacher training, administrative burdens on Violence Prevention and Handling Teams, and cultural normalization of aggression. The digital panopticon phenomenon via social media accelerates institutional accountability but risks secondary victimization. Analysis indicates that bullying is not merely a behavioral defect but a reproduction of social power structures requiring restorative justice-based interventions. The study concludes that policy success depends on dismantling silence and integrating social-emotional competencies into curriculum to guarantee safe learning environments for achieving Golden Indonesia 2045 vision.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Alonso-Rodríguez, Isabel, David Pérez-Jorge, Itahisa Pérez-Pérez, and Elena Olmos-Raya. “Restorative Practices in Reducing School Violence: A Systematic Review of Positive Impacts on Emotional Wellbeing.” Frontiers in Education 10 (March 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1520137.
Alonso-Rodríguez, Isabel, David Pérez-Jorge, Itahisa Pérez-Pérez, and Elena Olmos-Raya. “Restorative Practices in Reducing School Violence: A Systematic Review of Positive Impacts on Emotional Wellbeing.” Frontiers in Education 10 (March 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1520137.
Arshy Prodyanatasari and Lauretha Devi Fajar Vantie. “From Bullying to Cyberbullying: Educational Impacts and Prevention Strategies in Indonesia.” EDUTREND: Journal of Emerging Issues and Trends in Education 1, no. 3 (2024): 152–62. https://doi.org/10.59110/edutrend.421.
Bhadra, Arsheya. Perceptions of Bullying in Schools: A Comparative Study of Student and Teacher Perspectives. n.d.
cakaplah.com. “Siswa SMP di Pekanbaru Alami Perundungan, Sekolah Bantah Lalai dalam Pengawasan.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.cakaplah.com/berita/baca/120497/2025/02/21/siswa-smp-di-pekanbaru-alami-perundungan-sekolah-bantah-lalai-dalam-pengawasan/.
“Child Protection in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review of Teacher Awareness and School-Based Interventions - International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/child-protection-in-educational-settings-a-systematic-review-of-teacher-awareness-and-school-based-interventions/.
“Frontiers | Restorative Practices in Reducing School Violence: A Systematic Review of Positive Impacts on Emotional Wellbeing.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1520137/full.
Hall, William. “The Effectiveness of Policy Interventions for School Bullying: A Systematic Review.” Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research 8 (January 2017): 45–69. https://doi.org/10.1086/690565.
“How Bullying Impacts Student Academic Performance in 2025.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/how-bullying-impacts-student-academic-performance-in-2025.
“How Bullying Impacts Student Academic Performance in 2025.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/how-bullying-impacts-student-academic-performance-in-2025.
Irwanto, Irwanto, Tuti Bahfiarti, Andi Alimuddin Unde, and Alem Febri Sonni. “Social Network Analysis of Information Flow and Opinion Formation on Indonesian Social Media: A Case Study of Youth Violence.” Adolescents 5, no. 2 (2025): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents5020018.
“Marak Kasus Bullying Di Sekolah, Puan Desak Evaluasi Menyeluruh.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/11/19/14470841/marak-kasus-bullying-di-sekolah-puan-desak-evaluasi-menyeluruh.
Njelesani, Janet, Hazel Cruz Castillo, and Juana Merino-Lopez. “Anti-Bullying Interventions for School-Based Occupational Therapy Practice: A Systematic Review.” Adolescents 5, no. 2 (2025): 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents5020023.
Njelesani, Janet, Hazel Cruz Castillo, and Juana Merino-Lopez. “Anti-Bullying Interventions for School-Based Occupational Therapy Practice: A Systematic Review.” Adolescents 5, no. 2 (2025): 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents5020023.
Parjiati, Misni. “Psychologist: Schools Must Implement Bullying Reporting System.” Rri.Co.Id - Portal Berita Terpercaya. Accessed December 24, 2025. https://rri.co.id/en/archipelago/1266758/psychologist-schools-must-implement-bullying-reporting-system.
“(PDF) The Effectiveness of Policy Interventions for School Bullying: A Systematic Review.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312962224_The_Effectiveness_of_Policy_Interventions_for_School_Bullying_A_Systematic_Review.
“(PDF) Violence Prevention Policy Practices in Schools: A Systematic Literature Review.” ResearchGate, ahead of print, December 18, 2025. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v10i2.5670.
“Permendikbudriset No. 46 Tahun 2023.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/285721/permendikbudriset-no-46-tahun-2023.
Post, The Jakarta. Suspected Fatal Bullying Cases Highlight Growing Violence Issue in Indonesian Schools. n.d. Accessed December 24, 2025. https://asianews.network/suspected-fatal-bullying-cases-highlight-growing-violence-issue-in-indonesian-schools/.
Pransiska, Imelda. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Hukum TPPK Dalam Permendikbud Nomor 46 Tahun 2023.” Rechtswetenschap : Jurnal Mahasiswa Hukum 1, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.36859/rechtswetenschap.v1i1.2352.
“RRI.Co.Id - Psychologist: Schools Must Implement Bullying Reporting System.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://rri.co.id/en/archipelago/1266758/psychologist-schools-must-implement-bullying-reporting-system.
“RRI.Co.Id - Psychologist: Schools Must Implement Bullying Reporting System.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://rri.co.id/en/archipelago/1266758/psychologist-schools-must-implement-bullying-reporting-system.
“Siswa SMP Di Pekanbaru Alami Perundungan, Sekolah Bantah Lalai Dalam Pengawasan - Cakaplah.Com - Berpikir Berbuat Bercakap.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.cakaplah.com/berita/baca/120497/2025/02/21/siswa-smp-di-pekanbaru-alami-perundungan-sekolah-bantah-lalai-dalam-pengawasan.
“Siswa SMP Di Pekanbaru Alami Perundungan, Sekolah Bantah Lalai Dalam Pengawasan - Cakaplah.Com - Berpikir Berbuat Bercakap.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.cakaplah.com/berita/baca/120497/2025/02/21/siswa-smp-di-pekanbaru-alami-perundungan-sekolah-bantah-lalai-dalam-pengawasan.
Siu, Jacky Cheuk Lap. “No Safe Space at School: Exploring Power Dynamics, Bullying Locations, and Maladaptive Behaviors Among US Adolescents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 54, no. 9 (2025): 2288–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02190-z.
Siu, Jacky Cheuk Lap. “No Safe Space at School: Exploring Power Dynamics, Bullying Locations, and Maladaptive Behaviors Among US Adolescents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 54, no. 9 (2025): 2288–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02190-z.
Siu, Jacky Cheuk Lap. “No Safe Space at School: Exploring Power Dynamics, Bullying Locations, and Maladaptive Behaviors Among US Adolescents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 54, no. 9 (2025): 2288–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02190-z.
“Social Network Analysis of Information Flow and Opinion Formation on Indonesian Social Media: A Case Study of Youth Violence.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/5/2/18.
“Social Network Analysis of Information Flow and Opinion Formation on Indonesian Social Media: A Case Study of Youth Violence.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/5/2/18.
“Social Network Analysis of Information Flow and Opinion Formation on Indonesian Social Media: A Case Study of Youth Violence.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/5/2/18.
“Social Network Analysis of Information Flow and Opinion Formation on Indonesian Social Media: A Case Study of Youth Violence.” Accessed December 24, 2025. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7051/5/2/18.
“The Effectiveness of an Anti-Bullying Program on Academic Hope in Elementary School Students | Journal of Social and Scientific Education.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://ssed.or.id/journal/josse/article/view/395.
“The Effectiveness of an Anti-Bullying Program on Academic Hope in Elementary School Students | Journal of Social and Scientific Education.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://ssed.or.id/journal/josse/article/view/395.
“The Shadow of Bullying in Indonesia Education System.” Accessed December 25, 2025. https://www.ums.ac.id/en/news/outlook/the-shadow-of-bullying-in-indonesia-education-system.
Writer, Content. The Bullying Epidemic in 2025 - Indonesia Youth Foundation. August 24, 2025. https://indonesiayouthfoundation.org/the-bullying-epidemic-in-2025/.
Writer, Content. The Bullying Epidemic in 2025 - Indonesia Youth Foundation. August 24, 2025. https://indonesiayouthfoundation.org/the-bullying-epidemic-in-2025/.