Digital Ethics Education: Preventing Cyberbullying and Supporting Mental Health in Elementary Schools
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study addresses the escalating crisis of cyberbullying and its detrimental impact on the mental health of Indonesian elementary students in 2025. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of 73 core articles, the research examines how digital environments influence children’s moral reasoning through the theoretical lenses of Lawrence Kohlberg and Albert Bandura. Findings reveal that the "remoteness of harm" in digital spaces keeps students within a pre-conventional moral stage, leading to aggressive behaviors like denigration and AI-enhanced harassment. Data indicates that 19.2% of students practice school avoidance due to cyber-victimization, contributing to severe psychological risks. The study identifies a critical "ethical lag" in current curricula and advocates for a "whole-school approach" that integrates "Pancasila" values with Social-Emotional Learning. Results from localized interventions demonstrate that targeted resilience training can improve student coping mechanisms by 37%, providing a culturally relevant roadmap for fostering digital ethics and psychological safety.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Agatha, Erviana Zefanya, Iyus Yosep, Taty Hernawaty, dkk. “Beyond the trauma: a scoping review of nursing interventions for improving psychological well-being in adolescents bullying victims.” BMC Nursing 24 (Juli 2025): 973. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03642-4.
Agatha, Erviana Zefanya, Iyus Yosep, Taty Hernawaty, dkk. “Beyond the trauma: a scoping review of nursing interventions for improving psychological well-being in adolescents bullying victims.” BMC Nursing 24 (Juli 2025): 973. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03642-4.
Annapolis, Adam Stone Twitter Adam Stone writes on technology trends from, Md., with a focus on government IT, military, dan First-Responder Technologies. “Cyberbullying and the Technology To Stop, Prevent and Combat It in Schools.” Technology Solutions That Drive Education. Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2025/02/cyberbullying-technology-in-schools-perfcon.
Annapolis, Adam Stone Twitter Adam Stone writes on technology trends from, Md., with a focus on government IT, military, dan First-Responder Technologies. “Cyberbullying and the Technology To Stop, Prevent and Combat It in Schools.” Technology Solutions That Drive Education. Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2025/02/cyberbullying-technology-in-schools-perfcon.
“Bullying cases data among school children in Indonesia (Annur, 2024)... | Download Scientific Diagram.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bullying-cases-data-among-school-children-in-Indonesia-Annur-2024-Figure-1-depicts-the_fig1_382700466.
“Cyberbullying - Definition and Facts | United Nations in Indonesia.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://indonesia.un.org/en/305496-cyberbullying-definition-and-facts.
“Cyberbullying - Definition and Facts | United Nations in Indonesia.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://indonesia.un.org/en/305496-cyberbullying-definition-and-facts.
“Cyberbullying - Definition and Facts | United Nations in Indonesia.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://indonesia.un.org/en/305496-cyberbullying-definition-and-facts.
“Cyberbullying Tech in Schools: How AI Tools Help Keep Students Safe | EdTech.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2025/02/cyberbullying-technology-in-schools-perfcon.
Damanik, Prince, Feri Jayanti, Anastasia Uli, Rizki Husaeni, dan Mohammad Chaled. “Digital Citizenship Education in the Era 5.0: Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Indonesian Educational Context.” JIMU:Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner 3 (November 2025). https://doi.org/10.70294/jimu.v3i04.1579.
Faujian, Ares, Anik Widiastuti, dan Sudrajat Sudrajat. “The Phenomenon of Bullying in Schools as a Basis for Developing Social Studies Learning Materials.” QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama 17, no. 1 (2025): 475–92. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v17i1.6597.
“Frontiers | Cyberbullying and mental health: past, present and future.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1279234/full.
Gallegos, Ada, Lupe García Ampudia, Hugo Morales Córdova, Wilmer Londoño-Celis, Oscar Andres Velazco Mendoza, dan Jackeline Valencia. “Cyberbullying in Students: Forms of Aggression, Risk Factors, and Educational Responses in Digital Environments.” F1000Research 14 (September 2025): 880. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.168253.1.
Hoose, Nicole Arduini-Van. Moral Development. 1 Juni 2020. https://edpsych.pressbooks.sunycreate.cloud/chapter/moral-development/.
Imanisa, Deska, Rully Anwar, dan Yunus Winoto. “Cyberbullying and digital ethics: A bibliometric analysis from a communication research perspective.” Jurnal ASPIKOM 10 (November 2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v10i1.1618.
Imanisa, Deska, Rully Anwar, dan Yunus Winoto. “Cyberbullying and digital ethics: A bibliometric analysis from a communication research perspective.” Jurnal ASPIKOM 10 (November 2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v10i1.1618.
Jakarta Globe. “Protecting Children Online Requires More Than Social Media Restrictions.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://jakartaglobe.id/opinion/protecting-children-online-requires-more-than-social-media-restrictions.
“JMIR Research Protocols - Prevalence, Motivations, and Social, Mental Health and Health Consequences of Cyberbullying Among School-Aged Children and Youth: Protocol of a Longitudinal and Multi-Perspective Mixed Method Study.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://www.researchprotocols.org/2016/2/e83/.
“JMIR Research Protocols - Prevalence, Motivations, and Social, Mental Health and Health Consequences of Cyberbullying Among School-Aged Children and Youth: Protocol of a Longitudinal and Multi-Perspective Mixed Method Study.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://www.researchprotocols.org/2016/2/e83/.
“Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development: The Six Stages Explained.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://www.structural-learning.com/post/kohlbergs-moral-development-stages.
Kustiyaningsih, Ira Dwi, Ganes Gunansyah, Ari Metalin Ika Puspita, Budi Purwoko, Nurul Istiq’faroh, dan Neni Mariana. “Navigating Bullying Dynamics in Elementary Schools Amid Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review.” Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education 4, no. 4 (2025): 3085–94. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i4.1941.
“Moral Development – Educational Psychology.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://edpsych.pressbooks.sunycreate.cloud/chapter/moral-development/.
“(PDF) Character Education Management Strategies to Address the Negative Impacts of Social Media Use on Youth.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/398081311_Character_Education_Management_Strategies_to_Address_the_Negative_Impacts_of_Social_Media_Use_on_Youth.
“Protecting Children Online Requires More Than Social Media Restrictions.” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://jakartaglobe.id/opinion/protecting-children-online-requires-more-than-social-media-restrictions.
ResearchGate. “Fig. 1. Bullying Cases Data among School Children in Indonesia (Annur,...” Diakses 24 Desember 2025. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Bullying-cases-data-among-school-children-in-Indonesia-Annur-2024-Figure-1-depicts-the_fig1_382700466.
Rofik, Mashudi, Amad Narto, dan Hermania Bhoki. “Character Education Management Strategies to Address the Negative Impacts of Social Media Use on Youth.” Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme 7 (November 2025): 692–707. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v7i3.8161.
Rofik, Mashudi, Amad Narto, dan Hermania Bhoki. “Character Education Management Strategies to Address the Negative Impacts of Social Media Use on Youth.” Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme 7 (November 2025): 692–707. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v7i3.8161.
“Understanding Cyberbullying and Social Media: Supporting Students in the Digital Age.” 20 Juni 2025. https://www.cybersmile.org/2025/06/20/understanding-cyberbullying-and-social-media-supporting-students-in-the-digital-age/.
“Understanding Cyberbullying and Social Media: Supporting Students in the Digital Age.” 20 Juni 2025. https://www.cybersmile.org/2025/06/20/understanding-cyberbullying-and-social-media-supporting-students-in-the-digital-age/.
Villamil, Andrew, dan Sará King. “A Humane Social Learning-Informed Metaverse: Cultivating Positive Technology Experiences in Digital Learning Environments.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 27, no. 1 (2024): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2023.0001.
Writer, Content. The Bullying Epidemic in 2025 - Indonesia Youth Foundation. 24 Agustus 2025. https://indonesiayouthfoundation.org/the-bullying-epidemic-in-2025/.